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|settlement_type = Metropolis |image_skyline = File:Rawalpindi_montage.PNG |imagesize = |image_caption = Gulshan Dadn Khan Mosque in Rawalpindi |pushpin_map = Pakistan |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Punjab |subdivision_type2 = Division |subdivision_name2 = Rawalpindi Division |subdivision_type3 = Autonomous towns |subdivision_name3 =8 |subdivision_type4 = Union councils |subdivision_name4 =1700 |government_footnotes = |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 =5,286 |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of =1998 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |District population_total = |population_density_km2 =auto |population_total =1,406,214〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Principal Cities of Pakistan )〕 |population_density_urban_km2 = |latd=33|latm=36|latNS=N |longd=73|longm=02|longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =508 |elevation_ft = |area_footnotes = |area_ft = |timezone =PKT |utc_offset = +5 |timezone_DST =PKT |utc_offset_DST = +6 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = 051 |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = (www.rawalpindi.gov.pk ) |footnotes = }} Rawalpindi (Punjabi, , ''Rāwalpiṅḋī''), commonly known as Pindi (), is a city in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 4th most populous metropolitan area of Pakistan.〔http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GROWTH%20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf〕 It is located only south of the capital city, Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Due to the high interdependence and intertwined areas of the two cities, they are known as the twin cities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. In the 1950s, Rawalpindi was smaller than Hyderabad and Multan, but the city's economy received a boost during the building of Islamabad (1959–1969), during which Rawalpindi served as the national capital. Rawalpindi is in the northernmost part of the Punjab province, located to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. Also, Rawalpindi is the military headquarters, also referred to as GHQ (General Headquarters) of the Pakistani Armed Forces. Many tourists use the city as a stop before traveling towards the northern areas. It is on the GT road and motor way, makes it easy to come . Numerous shopping bazaars, parks and a cosmopolitan population attract shoppers from all over Pakistan and abroad. The city is home to several industries and factories. Islamabad International Airport is located in Rawalpindi, which is also the Chaklala Airbase, and serves both cities and several neighboring districts for international flights. ==History== Rawalpindi has been inhabited for thousands of years, it is believed that a distinct culture flourished on this plateau as far back as c. 1000 BC. The material remains found at the site prove the existence of a Buddhist establishment contemporary to Taxila and of a Vedic civilisation. The nearby town of Taxila has another significance; according to the Guinness Book of World Records it has the world's oldest university - Takshashila University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hitxp.com/articles/history/takshashila-taxila-oldest-university/ )〕 In Takshashila, north-west of Rawalpindi, traces of at least 55 stupas, 28 Buddhist monasteries, 9 temples, a copper plate inscribed with the name Takshashila, a vase with Kharoshthi script among other things have been found. Sir Alexander Cunningham identified certain ruins on the site of the cantonment with the ancient city of Ganjipur or Gajnipur, the capital of the Bhatti tribe in the ages preceding the Christian era. Graeco-Bactrian coins, together with ancient bricks, occur over an area of 500 ha (2 mi²). Known within historical times as Fatehpur Baori, Rawalpindi fell into decay during one of the Mongol invasions in the 14th century. It appears that the ancient city went into oblivion as a result of the White Hun devastation. The first Muslim invader, Mahmud of Ghazni (979-1030), gave the ruined city to a Gakhar Chief, Kai Gohar. The town, however, being on an invasion route, could not prosper and remained deserted until Jhanda Khan, another Gakhar Chief, restored it and named it Rawalpindi after the village Rawal in 1493. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rawalpindi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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